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Climate change and air pollution: Translating their interplay into present and future mortality risk for Rome and Milan municipalities

TitleClimate change and air pollution: Translating their interplay into present and future mortality risk for Rome and Milan municipalities
Publication TypeArticolo su Rivista peer-reviewed
Year of Publication2022
AuthorsMichetti, Melania, Gualtieri Maurizio, Anav A., Adani Mario, Benassi Barbara, Dalmastri Claudia, D'Elia Ilaria, Piersanti Antonio, Sannino Gianmaria, Zanini Gabriele, and Uccelli Raffaella
JournalScience of The Total Environment
Volume830
Pagination154680
Date Published07-2022
ISSN00489697
Keywordsaged, air pollutant, Air pollution, Air quality, article, city, Climate change, climate model, Climate models, cold, cold stress, Coldest temperatures, Distributed lag non-linear model, Generalized linear model, Health impact assessment, Heat, human, Integrated climate and air pollution scenario, language, Mortality, mortality risk, Non-linear modelling, particulate matter 10, PM 10, Poisson regression, Relative risks, risk factor
Abstract

Heat and cold temperatures associated with exposure to poor air quality lead to increased mortality. Using a generalized linear model with Poisson regression for overdispersion, this study quantifies the natural-caused mortality burden attributable to heat/cold temperatures and PM10 and O3 air pollutants in Rome and Milan, the two most populated Italian cities. We calculate local-specific mortality relative risks (RRs) for the period 2004–2015 considering the overall population and the most vulnerable age category (≥85 years). Combining a regional climate model with a chemistry-transport model under future climate and air pollution scenarios (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5), we then project mortality to 2050.

Results show that for historical mortality the burden is much larger for cold than for warm temperatures. RR peaks during wintertime in Milan and summertime in Rome, highlighting the relevance of accounting for the effects of air pollution besides that of climate, in particular PM10 for Milan and O3 for Rome. Overall, Milan reports higher RRs while, in both cities, the elderly appear more susceptible to heat/cold and air pollution events than the average population. Two counterbalancing effects shape mortality in the future: an increase associated with higher and more frequent warmer daily temperatures – especially in the case of climate inaction – and a decrease due to declining cold-mortality burden. The outcomes highlight the urgent need to adopt more stringent and integrated climate and air quality policies to reduce the temperature and air pollution combined effects on health.

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URLhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0048969722017739
DOI10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154680
Short TitleScience of The Total Environment
Citation Key9738